Friday, July 2, 2021

Reflective Journal Post #8

 Description

            Readings this week in EDAT 6115 discussed another important element of an effective learning environment, assessment. Assessments provide teachers with the information needed about student learning to create effective lessons and meet student needs. By connecting our teaching and learning objectives directly to assessments, we can effectively define and measure student learning.

Analysis

             Effective teachers develop thoughtful instructional plans that map out the journey of student learning. Of the many tasks that are involved with this process, some of the most important include establishing clear learning objectives and creating assessments that measure student learning. These steps provide important data about student progress toward mastery of the learning goals. Teachers begin the process of planning for instruction by unpacking the standards and determining skills and concepts that need to be taught to meet curriculum standards. From there, instructional objectives should be written in a way that focuses on the skill or concept that students should know, the conditions in which it will be used, and how it will be measured (Slavin, 2018). Instructional objectives that are written with these parts in mind provide clear goals for students and provide benchmarks by which teachers can measure students’ proficiency and growth. All assessments incorporated into the instructional unit should be tied to the instructional objectives and allow students to show growth and mastery through varied methods.

            Traditionally students have been assessed using tests or quizzes, multiple-choice questions with right and wrong answers. Research has shown that in many cases, these types of assessments limit the information gained about student learning. Many times, the concepts and skills defined in the instructional objectives are better assessed using alternative forms of assessment like written responses, creative products, or performance-based evaluation (Slavin, 2018). When teaching and performance objectives are created, attention should be paid to the cognitive complexity of the lesson goals and assessment should be designed that reflect the proper level of understanding. Using a tool like Bloom’s Taxonomy can be helpful in determining the types of assessment that match the cognitive level of the learning objectives (Slavin, 2018).  “The primary importance of Bloom’s Taxonomy is in its reminder that we want students to have many levels of skills” (Slavin, 2018, p. 347). Varying assessments in our lessons allow students to show understanding of concepts at each taxonomic level and provides valuable data about the whole student. This allows teachers to make instructional decisions that support the needs of the student based on data and information gathered through targeted assessment. Effective teachers incorporate a large variety of assessment types for both summative and formative evaluation of student learning.

            Benefits of proper assessment exist for all stakeholders in the learning process. Students gain valuable information about their strengths and weaknesses from regular assessment and evaluation (Slavin, 2018). Armed with information about their progress toward mastery of standards, students can make intentional choices and changes to the learning process as needed. Teachers gain valuable information about “the effectiveness of their instruction” allowing them to modify instruction to ensure all students are progressing with content mastery (Slavin, 2018, p. 349). Varying the types of assessment used will provide different types of data (qualitative, quantitative, and observational) that can be used to make instructional decisions. Stakeholders outside of the classroom (such as administrators, district personnel, and parents) also benefit from assessment data as it is used to determine program and curriculum effectiveness, establish school improvement goals, and to monitor accountability and achievement (Slavin, 2018).

            Considering the data from assessment is so valuable, it is important that assessments are designed with validity and reliability in mind. Assessments should have clear connections to the instructional and learning objectives. Using a table of specifications for each instructional unit that includes “the various objectives taught and the different levels of understanding to be assessed” ensures assessments are valid and reliable (Slavin, 2018, p. 356). Once the assessment strategy has been determined, questions and tasks should be written in ways that students understand and adequately show their understanding of concepts of skills.

Reflection

            Over the years, my views on assessment have changed drastically. I began teaching in 2004 when traditional methods of assessment were standard and performance assessments were rare and trendy. Because I was taught using multiple choice tests that evaluated my ability to remember content, I was okay with this type of assessment to begin with. But, in the 17 years since, I have witnessed a significant evolution of assessment and grading practices that I feel better suit the needs of students and their learning process. In my own classroom, I have embraced the use of varied formative assessment, digital assessment, and group and performance assessment. I enjoy incorporating choice for my students in how they show their understanding of content and skill proficiency and find value in the whole picture I can form about a students’ competencies. I appreciate the benefits I see from changes in how standards are written, the development of measurable learning objectives, and the use of assessment data in instructional decision making.

Each of these changes have made instructional goals and student assessment more aligned and more valuable for all stakeholders. I have found that through the use of formative assessment I have a better grasp of where my students are in the learning process and am able to make decisions that support their learning based on data, not just intuition or observation. In addition, my students are better informed about their own progress and can self-regulate their learning. They are empowered to make decisions about extra practice, tutoring, or enrichment opportunities they may need. My professional learning community (PLC) can use data from formative and summative assessments to determine the instructional strategies that are more effective so that we can improve student learning and performance on end of year assessments. My administrators and district personnel have abundant data by which to evaluate program and curriculum efficacy and make changes at levels above the classroom that positivity impact student learning. Many see assessment as a necessary evil, but I am really embracing the power of assessment these days. Instead of working for assessments, I am making my assessments work for me. I am learning how to properly design assessments that provide the information my students and I need to teach and learn.

Reference

Slavin, R.E. (2018). Educational Psychology: Theory and Practice (12th ed.). Pearson.

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Reflective Journal Post #8

  Description             Readings this week in EDAT 6115 discussed another important element of an effective learning environment, assess...